COP, which stands for Conference of Parties, is the series of formal meetings Conference of Parties, where governments assess global efforts to advance the Paris Agreement and the Convention, also limit global warming to 1.5°C as informed by the latest science. At COPs, world leaders come together to measure progress and negotiate the best ways to address climate change.

There are now 198 Parties (197 countries plus the European Union) to the Convention, constituting near universal membership. The next Conference will take place in Baku, Azerbaijan, in November 2024